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Anilox. A cylinder used in a flexographic press. The anilox picks up ink in
microscopic pores engraved on the cylinder. This cylinder is midway between the
fountain roller in the ink supply and the print blocks, which transfer the image
to the substrate. Artwork. The image, which the client wants produced and has
previously been approved as a proof by the client. Anything less than this is
not artwork, it is a visual.
Blend. Often refers to a mixture of
HDPE and LDPE, mixed at the time the film is extruded. The result blends the
characteristics of each type of material.
Blocks. Used for in
flexographic printing. Also called stereos or cyrels, one block is required per
colour on each side of the bag being printed. Broadly, blocks cost according to
their size, which is dictated by the size of the image to be printed. The blocks
are placed on a cylinder, which rotates, collecting ink from the anilox, and
placing it on the substrate.
Bromide. Photographic paper, with an
image on it, for placing under a camera.
CI Press. Common Impression
Press. A flexographic press used for printing to very close registration and
printing process colours. A large rotating cylinder has a series of smaller
inked cylinders rotating against it. The web to be printed is trapped between
the large and small cylinders.
Co-extrusion. The process of making a
film which is for example, HDPE on one side, and LDPE on the other. E.g. a rope
handled carrier bag can be HDPE (naturally matt and tactile) on the outside,
with the puncture resistance and elasticity of LDPE on the inside.
Colour Separation. The instructions for a multicolour job, or the process of
scanning a multicolour image such as a transparency to isolate the four process
colours of cyan, magenta, yellow, & black.
Corona Treatment. The
process of treating polyethylene film to give it a key to retain flexographic
ink
Cylinder. Printing blocks are placed on a cylinder, such that
each turn of the cylinder will print one image. The circumference of the
cylinder will therefore dictate the bag width or height.
Cyrel.
Dupont's name for its material from which printing blocks are made.
Designers. Those who create designs. The world would be poorer without
designers. As printers we know that we have to proof a design to the client to
ensure that the artwork supplied will produce the result the client is
expecting.
Dispro. The process of compensating for the stretch of a
block when placed around a cylinder
DPI. Dots Per Inch. Printing
millions of tiny dots of each selected colour produces tones and process print.
Graduations and photographic effects are therefore possible. DPI refers to the
number of dots per line inch, so it is a measure of coarseness or fineness of
print. Typical DPI's are 55dpi for a Flexo Stack Press, to 100-130dpi for a
Flexo CI Press. Please note the metric equivalent is dots per centimetre, beware
that inch or centimetre is often unspecified. LPI. Lines per inch is the same as
DPI, but don't confuse DPI with percentage which is the size of the dot. Note: -
Please contact our artwork department for advice on what we can achieve on our
machinery.
Duffle. A style of carrier bag. A rope attached to base
for carrying also closes the top.
Extruder. A machine which produces
polyethylene film. Granules are melted and drawn out in a tube bubble to cool.
The quicker the film is drawn out, the thinner the film, the bigger the bubble,
the wider the film. The tube is often then slit and wound ready for printing.
Film Positive. Transparent film acetate with an image in black, one
supplied for each colour. This is used to make a negative prior to block making.
The majority of artwork is now supplied digitally.
Flexographic. A
printing method used for printing polythene, using rotating blocks on cylinders
to pick up ink from an anilox and place the ink on the material to be printed.
Nearly all polythene bags and flexible packaging is printed this way. Back to
top Gauge. 1/1000 of an inch. A British imperial unit of measurement to measure
the thickness of polythene film. It is now giving way to metric, but conversion
is easy: 4 gauge = 1 micron. E.g. a popular carrier bag gauge of 200 is 50
micron. Gusset. A side fold, or bottom fold which will add capacity to a carrier
bag. In aperture handle carrier bags the gusset is the final dimension e.g. 38cm
wide x 46cm high + 10cm gusset i.e. 5cm in and 5cm out.
HDPE. High
Density Polyethylene. The high density refers to the density of molecule chain
in the polyethylene. It is more crinkly and crackly than LDPE, and can be
supplied as thin film, 8-18 micron economical counter bag or carrier bag, or as
a thick film 30-120 micron carrier bag.
LDPE. Low Density
Polyethylene. The low density refers to the density of molecule chain in the
polyethylene. It is more elastic and stretchy and tears less easily than HDPE.
It has a softer feel and is glossier than HDPE. It can be mixed with HDPE to
make a blend.
Measurement. In bagspeak, the opening measurement is
always first, so this will usually be the width. So a polythene carrier bag, the
sort with an aperture handle and a gusset or pleat in the base will look like
this: 38x46+10, which means 38cm wide, 46 cm high, plus a 10 cm gusset, i.e. 5cm
in and 5 cm back out again. There is a trade convention of plus/minus 10% on
size variation, so if size is critical you should allow for this.
Micron. Metric
measurement of thickness of polythene film. 1 micron =
4 gauge. E.g. 45 micron =
180 gauge.
Negative. Acetate film where the image
is reversed around, i.e. the colour to print appears clearer than the
surrounding area.
Patch. A transparent patch glued or welded on the
inside of an aperture handle carrier bag to reinforce the handle area. Back to
top Percentage. The size of the dot, in tone or process print. The percentage
refers to the amount of substrate that is inked in a given area. The bigger the
percentage, the stronger that colour will appear. By varying the percentage and
printing different colours in the same area, a photographic full colour image
can be created. Dots usually print bigger than they appear on artwork. This is
called dot gain.
PP. Polypropylene film. Available in two types,
cast, which is very clear, but tears easily in some directions, used for food
packaging and blown, which may be less clear but tear resistant in all
directions. Polypropylene ropes are also available and produces a gloss finish
compared with cotton or Acrylic.
Process Print. A common and
ingenious method of printing a full colour image such as a colour photo, out of
4 basic colours- Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black which, when combined in varying
amounts according to a dot size, will produce any colour.
Proof. A
document which shows the text, colours, colour split and positioning of a print
order. It is the client's responsibility to carefully check a proof, as errors
can and do occur. The client will be responsible if errors are passed without
correction.
Quantity An initially strange convention in packaging
allows manufactures to deliver up to +/-10% on the contract quantity and invoice
for the actual amount delivered. Whilst superficially this may appear an unusual
practice, there are good reasons. It avoids waste. Carrier bags are printed from
a reel of polythene, initially by weight. After they are printed they are
converted into carrier bags, at which time they are machine counted and placed
into swatches of 50 or 100. At the initial weighing stage, the amount of reel
used in setting up to good print is an unknown. If the set up to good print were
rapid, it would be extremely wasteful to scrap good print. Likewise, it would be
uneconomical to set up the press again for a small under run. Most carrier bags
are used by retailers, so +/-10% is not an issue, and they gain from waste
saving and efficiency which is ultimately passed on in a free market, and an
extremely price conscious industry. Obviously this does not apply to unbranded
carrier bags which we stock and pick to your order.
Register. The
position of a colour, relative to where it should be, or relative to other
colours.
Rope . Can be cotton (matt finish), Acrylic, (matt finish)
or Polypropylene (gloss finish). It is usually round section braided, the
diameter will be agreed with the customer.
Rubber. A traditional
name for flexographic printing blocks or stereos, because they were originally
made from natural rubber.
Stack Press. A simple, multicolour
flexographic press, for printing work, which does not require close colour
registration.
Stereo. Traditional name for flexographic printing
blocks.
Substrate. The bag material LDPE, HDPE, blend, etc. Back to
top TOT. Turnover top. A Carrier bag that has the top folded over and welded in
place to provide a double thickness around the handle or to take the rope for a
duffle bag carrier. Two Up. A print term to describe printing two images along a
cylinder, which produces twice as many, images per rotation.
Two
Round. To print two images around a cylinder.
Varigauge. Thicker
gauge polythene across the top of a carrier bag to strengthen around the handle.
Visual. An idea, sketch or set of instructions to a printer. Not
artwork.
Weight. 1,000 Polythene Bags weigh
in kilograms: Width x (Height + half gusset if any) x Micron, all divided by
5435 (LDPE) or 5263 (HDPE)
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